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Intervertebral foramina L1 to L4, vertebral bodies, intervertebral joints, spinous processes, and L5 to S1 junction are visible.If patient has a lateral curvature (scoliosis) of the spine (as determined by viewing of the spine from the back with the patient in the erect position and with hospital gown open), patient should be place in whichever lateral position places the "sag" or convexity of the spine, down to better open the intervertebral spaces. Note: Although the average male patient (and some female patients requires no CR angle, a patient with a wider pelvis and a narrow thorax may require a 5° to 8° caudad angle even with support. (Light field appears small because of proximity of the patient to the x-ray tube and the divergence of the x-ray beam.) (1.5 inches above iliac crest.) This position includes the five lumbar vertebrae. Smaller film (30 x 35 cm): Center to 元 at the level of the lower costal margin.This position includes lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and possibly coccyx.

Larger IR (30 x 35cm): Center to level of iliac crest (L4 - L5). To date, several systematic reviews have separately synthesized the effects of different body positions, such as semi-recumbent, prone or lateral-Trendelenburg positions, to reduce the incidence of VAP 8, 14, 18,19,20 nevertheless, evidence aimed at directly comparing the effectiveness of several body positions (i.e.Direct central ray perpendicular to long axis of spine.Ensure the pelvis and torso are in true lateral position.Place radiolucent support under waist as needed to place the long axis of the spine near parallel to the table (palpate the spinous processes to determine see note:).Align midcoronal plane to central and midline of x-ray table or grid.Position patient lateral recumbent, provide pillow for head, knee flexed, with support between knees and ankles to better maintain a true lateral position and ensure patient comfort.Shield gonads without obscuring area of interest.Film size - 35 x 43 cm (14 x 17 inches), lengthwise, or 30 x 35 cm (11 x 14 inches).Fractures on lumbar spine, spondylolisthesis, neoplastic processes, and osteoporosis of lumbar vertebrae are demonstrated.